Technology offers sustainable nutrition solutions

Food Science and TechnologyVolume 35, Issue 1 p. 28-31 FeaturesFree Access Technology offers sustainable nutrition solutions First published: 18 March 2021 https://doi.org/10.1002/fsat.3501_8.xAboutSectionsPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text full-text accessPlease review our Terms Conditions of Use check box below share version article.I have read accept the Wiley Online Library UseShareable LinkUse link a this article with your friends colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Peter Lillford University Birmingham Anne-Marie Hermansson Chalmers provide an update on recommendations made in IUFoST study contribution food science technology nutrition. The added immediate impact COVID-19 pandemic is also examined. Introduction Sustainable Development Goals were developed by United Nations as response climate change, population growth, wealth increase concurrent need for greater prolonged human health. Their interaction supply chains evident demands significant innovation if these goals are be met. most important lever reduce environmental initiatives being taken define dietary intakes within planetary boundaries e.g. EAT-Lancet Commission, which brings together researchers nutrition, health, sustainability policy from around world aim transforming system1. This includes shift more plant-based diet introduction diverse primary produce. Recent reports highlighted enormous potential biological sciences understanding crop improvement role health2-7. However, crops must converted safe, stable nutritious food. itself. In previous studies undertaken International Union (IUFoST)8-10, country-membership organisation, aims global voice sector, we carried out mapping exercise how regions countries included their strategies deliver security. We outline action plan, form mission-orientated research development, identify critical needs future help find challenges field. These missions, each own objectives, encompass routes improved health; requirements improve control materials processing, including waste reduction; safety all products; use big data model entire chain. Through examination missions listed below, details new actions capabilities along chain been identified, will necessary production health provision. advances essential play its part meeting Goals. Missions requiring input • To introduce develop processes systems ensure manufacture eliminate material production, distribution consumption establish complete product traceability affordable balanced malnourished through integrate data, information artificial intelligence throughout Now unexpected driver has emerged, pandemic. shock but can considered ‘stress test’ long term strategic priorities far concerned. require further scrutiny assess progress implementation. It becomes immediately apparent that accomplish knowledge required, not only technology, biology, medicine, engineering, sociology underpinning rapidly developing technologies. collaboration across relevant scientific disciplines required. focuses concerning distribution. Affordable Two specifically address mission relates directly goal SDG-2 Zero Hunger. concerns shortfall both macro- micronutrients, there hidden hunger societies, agrarian poor low income well malnutrition urbanised areas. recent estimate shows almost 750m people affected severe insecurity 2019. may additional 83-132m ranks undernourished 2020. addition, 2bn people, or 25.9% population, did regular access sufficient 201911. rural areas it fully understand local traditional foods availability raw materials; planting should encouraged. often replaced higher-calorie-yielding crops, such rice wheat2-7. contribute fortification products vitamin A, iodine, iron zinc, where deficiencies public problems consequences productivity, intellectual maternal infant morbidity mortality12-14. aid uptake micronutrients enzymatic processing break down inhibiting compounds, phytates polyphenols, present many vegetables15. Downscaling modern support cultivation indigenous crops. Sorghum, Africa, Central America, South Asia, drought-tolerant heat-tolerant especially arid urban situation quite different. movement search job opportunities results ‘transfer’ poverty. environment creates cheap less home preparation. consequence diets consisting snacks, fast street foods, energy dense unbalance leading obesity. trend, particularly pronounced poorer sectors every society. There pressure manufacturing industry nutritional balance reducing fat, sugars salt individual maintaining increasing vitally micronutrients. done distributed at cost consumer. New ingredients could extracted existing side streams, simultaneously adding value what currently wastes. Any novel pay much attention micronutrient protection preservation shelf life finished products. allow consumer choice drive move towards diets, vital unbiased education provided, explaining why types Improving second diet. clear addition effects environment, strong Where calories adequate, rapid overweight obesity main non-communicable diseases grown epidemic proportions, over 4m dying result obese 2017 according burden disease. Today than underweight region except sub-Saharan Africa Asia16. Furthermore, obesity-related appeared major risk factors ongoing Modern biology multiomics* techniques couple nutrient intake metabolic prevention group basis17. Biomarkers blood, faeces saliva give responses different identified. means collected used create machine learning-based models personalised implemented digital integrated retailer systems. *Multiomics approach sets ‘omic’ groups (genome, proteome, transcriptome, epigenome microbiome) combined during analysis. consumers making healthy choices 9 10 do follow official guidelines guidance eat healthily. needed healthier rich ingredients, non-dairy ‘milk’ products, green proteins, berry cereal combinations utilised side-stream ingredients. Even though desired, obstacles animal-based contain available nutrients, iron, B-12, marine omega-3 fatty acids, iodine D. High fibre intake, cereals associated reduced cardiometabolic diseases. processability, texture, taste colour A mechanistic formulation optimised benefits tailored diets. explore release macro whole foodstuffs alimentary tract sensors feedback mechanisms satiety. gaps fate components ingestion digestion, causal rather correlative links established between availability, metabolism hence benefits. challenge, medical physics, neuroscience physiology. manufacture, until eaten produce some kind treatment, whether simple washing fruits complex fabrication common bread, sausages confectionary. By virtue economies scale, safely high volumes attractive distribute them globally reasonable cost. required large scale provision small number livestock types, decreasing biodiversity mono cultures. continue trend unsustainable. Further, current methods compatible retention levels spelt first four statements. All still valid, put chains. short-term governments return ‘business usual’ terms demand, explained above unsustainable longer term. two positive inputs pandemic: firstly recognition maintained costs, secondly observation awareness locally increased. future, efficient conversion produced commodities, maintain consider lower calorie density. Traditional re-examined unit operations under development become widespread benefits15, 18. flexible achieved same efficiency ‘economies scale’ provide. deeper (their functionality) properties make eat. now massive handling power, harnessed performance any process. growing while protein animal sources arable land feed production. Much world's consists whose intrinsic meat, fish dairy (fibrous meat structures, yoghurt cheese milks ubiquitous eggs bakery). easily acceptable analogues. so interested they driving replace key eating quality value. years attempt relate degree alone19, 20. approach, called NOVA classification, identifies correlation processed convenience attractiveness. leads excess causing related disorders. unhelpful guideline, because simply linked density presence tested additives product21. when better made, remains challenge Waste losses occur perishable requires special attention. Safety mandatory prepared factory. Rapid testing spin-off ‘track trace’ efforts opportunity for: diagnostic tests chain, packaging sensors, in-home methods. turn wastes uncertainties safety. good documentation wastage occurs22, 7 uniform. large, technical storage preservation, investment limits application. world, stage largely driven fears purchasing23. shorten problem profligate suppliers sales content, just sold. economic damage focusing consumers’ waste, promoting on-line purchase delivery, internationally. achieve real benefits, measured cycles least farm fork, yet no international standard performed. Global harmonisation probably type brand. Like manufacturing, responds demand. already signs manufacturers retailers branding via accelerating trends, likely legislation devote values. Conclusions commentary arrival changed expected implementation accelerated actions. believe long-term overall importance changed. wish re-emphasise dissemination active scientists makers, grant funders regional levels. Finally, stress personal interest vital, therefore, aware technologies consume helping improvements Lillford1 Hermansson2 (corresponding author) Birmingham, B152TT, Kingdom 2 Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden Corresponding author email [email protected] References 1Willett, W., Rockström, J., Loken, B., et al. Anthropocene: EAT–Lancet Commission Lancet 393 810170: 447-49 Google Scholar IAP Interacademy partnership. 2017. Europe. http://www.interacademies.org/38802/Opportunities-and-challenges-for-research-on-food-and-nutrition-security-and-agriculture-in-EuropeGoogle 3IAP 2018. 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